Cerebral Palsy

What is Cerebral Palsy?

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of disorders that affect a person's ability to move and maintain balance and posture. CP is the most common motor disability in childhood. Cerebral means having to do with the brain. Palsy means weakness or problems with using the muscles. CP is caused by abnormal brain development or damage to the developing brain that affects a person's ability to control his or her muscles.

Symptoms

Symptoms vary greatly but may include: • Variations in muscle tone (too stiff or too floppy) • Stiff muscles and exaggerated reflexes (spasticity) • Stiff muscles with normal reflexes (rigidity) • Lack of balance and muscle coordination (ataxia) • Tremors or involuntary movements • Delays in reaching motor skill milestones • Difficulty walking • Excessive drooling or problems with swallowing • Difficulty with precise motions • Seizures

Diagnosis

Diagnosis typically involves: • Developmental monitoring and screening • Medical and developmental history • Physical and neurological examination • Brain imaging (MRI or CT scan) • Assessment of motor skills and reflexes

Treatment

While there is no cure for CP, treatment can improve the lives of those who have it: • Physical therapy to improve motor skills and strength • Occupational therapy to help with daily activities • Speech and language therapy • Medications to control seizures and manage pain • Surgery to correct bone abnormalities or loosen tight muscles • Assistive devices such as braces, wheelchairs, or communication aids

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