Multiple Sclerosis

What is Multiple Sclerosis?

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a potentially disabling disease of the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system). In MS, the immune system attacks the protective sheath (myelin) that covers nerve fibers and causes communication problems between your brain and the rest of your body. Eventually, the disease can cause permanent damage or deterioration of the nerves. Signs and symptoms of MS vary widely and depend on the amount of nerve damage and which nerves are affected.

Symptoms

Common symptoms include: • Numbness or weakness in one or more limbs • Electric-shock sensations with certain neck movements • Tremor, lack of coordination, or unsteady gait • Partial or complete vision loss, usually in one eye • Prolonged double vision • Blurry vision • Slurred speech • Fatigue • Dizziness • Problems with bladder and bowel function

Diagnosis

Diagnosis typically involves: • MRI to reveal lesions in the brain and spinal cord • Spinal tap (lumbar puncture) to check for abnormalities in cerebrospinal fluid • Blood tests to rule out other conditions • Evoked potential tests to measure electrical signals sent by your brain • Neurological examination

Treatment

While there's no cure for MS, treatments can help manage symptoms and modify disease course: • Disease-modifying therapies to slow progression • Corticosteroids to reduce nerve inflammation • Plasma exchange for severe attacks • Physical therapy to strengthen muscles and improve mobility • Muscle relaxants for muscle stiffness or spasms • Medications to reduce fatigue • Occupational therapy to help with daily activities

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