Osteoarthritis

What is Osteoarthritis?

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis. It occurs when the protective cartilage that cushions the ends of your bones wears down over time. Although osteoarthritis can damage any joint, the disorder most commonly affects joints in your hands, knees, hips, and spine. Osteoarthritis symptoms can usually be managed, although the damage to joints can't be reversed. Staying active, maintaining a healthy weight, and receiving certain treatments might slow progression of the disease and help improve pain and joint function.

Symptoms

Diagnosis

Diagnosis typically involves: • Physical examination to check for tenderness, swelling, redness, and flexibility • X-rays to show cartilage loss, bone damage, and bone spurs • MRI for detailed images of bone and soft tissues • Blood tests to rule out other causes of joint pain • Joint fluid analysis to check for inflammation or infection • Assessment of pain patterns and functional limitations

Treatment

While osteoarthritis can't be reversed, treatments can help: • Pain relievers including acetaminophen and NSAIDs • Physical therapy to strengthen muscles and increase flexibility • Occupational therapy to learn ways to perform daily tasks without stressing joints • Weight loss to reduce stress on weight-bearing joints • Assistive devices such as canes, walkers, or shoe inserts • Cortisone injections for temporary pain relief • Lubrication injections (hyaluronic acid) • Surgery including joint replacement in severe cases