Rheumatoid Arthritis

What is Rheumatoid Arthritis?

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder affecting many joints, including those in the hands and feet. Unlike the wear-and-tear damage of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis affects the lining of your joints, causing a painful swelling that can eventually result in bone erosion and joint deformity. The inflammation associated with rheumatoid arthritis is what can damage other parts of the body as well. While new types of medications have improved treatment options dramatically, severe rheumatoid arthritis can still cause physical disabilities.

Symptoms

Diagnosis

Diagnosis involves: • Physical examination to check for swelling, redness, warmth, and reflexes • Blood tests including rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-CCP antibodies • Inflammatory markers (ESR and CRP levels) • X-rays to track progression of rheumatoid arthritis • MRI and ultrasound for early detection and monitoring • Evaluation of symptoms duration and pattern

Treatment

Treatment aims to reduce inflammation and slow disease progression: • DMARDs (disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs) to slow disease progression • Biologic agents to target specific parts of immune system • NSAIDs for pain and inflammation • Corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and slow joint damage • Physical therapy to keep joints flexible • Occupational therapy to learn protective joint techniques • Surgery to repair damaged joints (synovectomy, tendon repair, joint replacement) • Lifestyle changes including rest, exercise, hot/cold therapy