Scoliosis

What is Scoliosis?

Scoliosis is a sideways curvature of the spine that occurs most often during the growth spurt just before puberty. While scoliosis can be caused by conditions such as cerebral palsy and muscular dystrophy, the cause of most scoliosis is unknown. Most cases of scoliosis are mild, but some children develop spine deformities that continue to get more severe as they grow. Severe scoliosis can be disabling. An especially severe spinal curve can reduce the amount of space within the chest, making it difficult for the lungs to function properly.

Symptoms

Diagnosis

Diagnosis involves: • Physical examination to check spine alignment • Adam's forward bend test to assess curve • X-rays to determine degree and pattern of curvature • MRI if neurological symptoms are present • CT scan for detailed bone images • Scoliometer to measure angle of trunk rotation • Regular monitoring for progression in growing children

Treatment

Treatment depends on severity and includes: • Observation for mild curves with regular checkups • Bracing for moderate curves in growing children • Physical therapy and exercises (though effectiveness is debated) • Spinal fusion surgery for severe curves (over 40-50 degrees) • Growing rods for young children with severe progressive curves • Pain management for adults with symptomatic scoliosis • Chiropractic care (for symptom relief, not cure)