Shin Splints

What is Shin Splints?

The term "shin splints" refers to pain along the shin bone (tibia) — the large bone in the front of your lower leg. Shin splints are common in runners, dancers, and military recruits. Medically known as medial tibial stress syndrome, shin splints often occur in athletes who have recently intensified or changed their training routines. The increased activity overworks the muscles, tendons, and bone tissue. Most cases of shin splints can be treated with rest, ice, and other self-care measures. Wearing proper footwear and modifying your exercise routine can help prevent shin splints from recurring.

Symptoms

Diagnosis

Diagnosis typically involves: • Medical history to understand training routine and recent changes • Physical examination to check for tenderness along the shinbone • Assessment of foot structure and running mechanics • X-rays to rule out stress fractures • Bone scan if stress fracture is suspected • MRI for severe or persistent cases • Evaluation of training surface and footwear • Biomechanical assessment

Treatment

Treatment focuses on rest and prevention of recurrence: • Rest from activities that cause pain • Ice application for 15-20 minutes several times daily • NSAIDs for pain and inflammation • Stretching exercises for calf muscles and surrounding areas • Strengthening exercises when pain subsides • Proper footwear with good arch support • Orthotics if flat feet or overpronation present • Compression sleeves or wraps • Gradual return to activity with modified training • Cross-training with low-impact activities (swimming, cycling) • Running on softer surfaces • Gradual increase in training intensity (10% rule)