Spinal Stenosis

What is Spinal Stenosis?

Spinal stenosis is a narrowing of the spaces within your spine, which can put pressure on the nerves that travel through the spine. Spinal stenosis occurs most often in the lower back and the neck. Some people with spinal stenosis may not have symptoms. Others may experience pain, tingling, numbness, and muscle weakness. Symptoms can worsen over time. Spinal stenosis is most commonly caused by wear-and-tear changes in the spine related to osteoarthritis.

Symptoms

Symptoms may include: • Numbness or tingling in a hand, arm, foot, or leg • Weakness in a hand, arm, foot, or leg • Problems with walking and balance • Neck pain • Lower back pain • Pain or cramping in one or both legs when standing for long periods or when walking • Symptoms that worsen when standing or walking • Symptoms that improve when bending forward, sitting, or lying down

Diagnosis

Diagnosis typically involves: • Medical history and physical examination • X-rays to show bone changes and spurs • MRI to show detailed images of soft tissues, nerves, and spinal cord • CT scan or CT myelogram to show bone structures • Bone scan to detect damage or growth in vertebrae • EMG to check nerve function

Treatment

Treatment options include: • Medications: NSAIDs, antidepressants for chronic pain, anti-seizure drugs, opioids for severe pain • Physical therapy to strengthen muscles and improve flexibility • Steroid injections to reduce inflammation • Decompression procedure to remove portions of thickened ligaments • Surgery including laminectomy or spinal fusion for severe cases • Assistive devices like walkers or canes • Activity modification and exercise programs

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