Traumatic Brain Injury

What is Traumatic Brain Injury?

A traumatic brain injury (TBI) can range from a mild concussion to a severe head injury. It is caused by a blow to the head or body, a fall, or another injury that jars or shakes the brain. This can cause bruising, swelling, or tearing of brain tissue. With rest, most people fully recover from a mild brain injury. But some people who have had a severe or repeated brain injury may have long-lasting problems with movement, learning, or speaking.

Symptoms

Symptoms of a traumatic brain injury range from mild to severe and can last for hours, days, weeks, or even months. These symptoms may include: • Not thinking clearly, or having trouble remembering new information • Headache • Blurred vision or eyes that tire easily • Ringing in the ears • Bad taste in the mouth • Fatigue or lack of energy • Change in sleep patterns • Mood changes or mood swings • Feeling depressed, anxious, or irritable

Diagnosis

A doctor will examine you and may order tests such as: • CT scan or MRI to look for brain bleeding or swelling • Neurological exam to check brain and nerve function • Cognitive tests to assess memory and thinking abilities

Treatment

Treatment depends on the severity of the injury: • Mild TBI: Rest, pain medication, gradual return to normal activities • Moderate to Severe TBI: Hospitalization, surgery if needed, intensive rehabilitation including physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy

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