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Joint Conditions, explained clearly
Healthy joints help you walk, work, exercise, and handle everyday tasks with confidence. When pain, swelling, or stiffness starts limiting your movement, it can affect much more than one part of your body. This page brings together the joint conditions we treat, with clear information about symptoms, diagnosis, and possible treatment options.
Conditions we treat under Joints
Four joint concerns. One helpful guide.
Select a condition to learn what it is, which symptoms to notice, how it may be diagnosed, and the treatment approaches that may help.
Osteoarthritis
A common form of arthritis caused by gradual wear of the cartilage that cushions a joint.
What is Osteoarthritis ?
Osteoarthritis is the most common type of arthritis. It develops when the protective cartilage at the ends of the bones wears down over time. Without the same level of cushioning, movement can become painful and the joint may feel stiff or less flexible.
The joint damage cannot be reversed, but symptoms can often be managed. Staying active, keeping a healthy weight, and following a suitable treatment plan may help slow progression and make everyday movement more comfortable.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis usually begins with a physical examination to check tenderness, swelling, flexibility, and movement. X-rays may show cartilage loss or bone spurs, while MRI can provide a closer look at bone and soft tissue. Blood tests or joint-fluid analysis may be used to rule out infection or another type of arthritis.
Treatment approach
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Rheumatoid Arthritis
A long-term inflammatory condition in which the immune system attacks the lining of the joints.
What is a Rheumatoid Arthritis ?
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disorder that commonly affects the small joints of the hands and feet. Unlike osteoarthritis, it is not caused by simple wear and tear. The immune system attacks the joint lining, leading to painful swelling and, over time, possible bone erosion or joint deformity.
Inflammation may also affect other parts of the body. Modern medicines have improved treatment greatly, and early diagnosis is important for protecting movement and long-term joint health.
Symptoms
Diagnosis
A clinician may examine the joints for warmth, swelling, redness, and movement. Blood tests can check rheumatoid factor, anti-CCP antibodies, and inflammation levels such as ESR and CRP. X-rays, ultrasound, or MRI may help detect changes and monitor the condition over time.
Treatment approach
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Gout
A form of arthritis caused by urate crystals collecting in a joint and triggering intense inflammation.
What is Gout ?
Gout is a common form of arthritis known for sudden, severe attacks of joint pain, swelling, redness, and tenderness. It most often starts in the big toe, but it can affect other joints. An attack may wake you at night and make even the light pressure of a bedsheet feel uncomfortable.
The condition develops when urate crystals collect inside a joint. Treatment can calm an active flare and may also help prevent future attacks and complications.
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Diagnosis may include a joint-fluid test to look for urate crystals and a blood test to measure uric acid. X-rays can rule out other causes of inflammation, while ultrasound or dual-energy CT may help locate crystal deposits. The timing and pattern of attacks also provide useful clues.
Treatment approach
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Joint Pain
Discomfort or inflammation involving cartilage, bone, ligaments, tendons, muscles, or the joint itself.
What is Joint Pain?
Joint pain can come from any part of a joint, including cartilage, bone, ligaments, tendons, or nearby muscles. It may be related to arthritis, injury, overuse, inflammation, or another medical condition. Some pain settles within a few weeks, while chronic pain may continue for months.
Even mild pain or swelling can change how you walk, sleep, work, or exercise. Finding the cause is the first step toward choosing care that fits your condition and daily needs.
Symptoms
Diagnosis
A physical exam checks reflexes, muscle strength, and walking ability. Imaging — X-rays, CT, or MRI — confirms the herniation, and a myelogram, EMG, or nerve conduction study can pinpoint exactly which nerve root is affected.